Surveying is an old trade with archeological evidence showing that by BC Egyptians had a land registry. Though little information has been written about early surveyors, evidence shows that they took great pride in their tradecraft in determining the correct position of land boundaries despite adopting rudimentary techniques. Modern surveying, developed about years ago, has experienced drastic changes in the past twenty years mainly attributed to the digital revolution and satellite technology.
Back in the day surveyors relied more on the magnetic compass to carry-out their tasks, but modern innovations such as GPS technology have made the compass obsolete. In the course of surveying the properties of wealthy land owners, I will often find what I think the owners might believe is a piece of art. Today, I ran out to find more monuments to resolve a survey boundary. The accompanying photo is a limestone monument that was on the plan of survey.
This stone is a beauty and sticks up out of the ground about 6 inches. Notice the hole in the stone and the lines radiating off the center of that hole. In my opinion, the drill hole was made using a star drill. How many apprentices today have ever held a star drill? It was once a standard item in most survey trucks. This hole was deep and must have taken time. The surveyor who made this drill hole and set this monument was the real deal.
Fifteen years back, there were people still hand-drafting plans. I always enjoyed seeing a beautiful plan and took a few minutes to appreciate the care and precision that went into the drafting. The lead holders were replaced by Pentel pencils which could hold 0. The 0.
Back then, there were draftsmen who were artists on survey drawings … and then there were craftsmen. You could see the difference. While in the office of the general manager of the company, I had the pleasure of a hands-on lesson in the art of drafting.
He was picking out the fonts and Leroy guides for me to lay out the title sheet for a set of perhaps a twenty-sheet plan set. He explained that it was the most important sheet of the set because it is what the client and municipality would see first.
If it looked impressive then it would follow the rest of the work was impressive. Authors Authors and affiliations Walter S. How to cite. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.
Falls Church, Va. Google Scholar. Boldov, V. Selifanov, , Scientific and technical information in geodesy and cartography, Geodesy and Aerophotography 5, — trans, from Russian.
Bomford, B. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. Bowditch, N. Washington, D. Navy Hydrographic Office, 1, p.
Breed, C. Hosmer, , Surveying. New York: Wiley, 1, p. That is to say you have horizontal planes and straight vertical lines parallel to each other. Therefore, surveys for farms, subdivisions, buildings, mines, and in fact most of constructed works are plane surveys. Plane surveys are not considered to be sufficiently accurate for establishing stat and national boundaries.
The equipment used and the methods of measurement are about the same as they are in plane surveys. However, they differ principally in the assumptions on which the computation are based.
Most geodetic surveys are made by government. Establish property boundaries of private and public lands. Develop data banks of land use to manage the environment. Determine facts on the size, shape and magnetic fields of the earth. Prepare charts of our moon and planets. Land surveys - Normally plane surveys - mad for locating property lines - subdividing land into smaller parts - determine land areas.
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