It may be that their bones are affected. The doctor may use imaging tests to diagnose bone disorders. Slightly abnormal ALP levels are generally no cause for concern as ALP levels naturally fluctuate during the day and vary from person to person. People with malnutrition should adjust their diet accordingly or take supplements. They should take care to include the following foods in their diet:. For infections, a doctor may prescribe a course of antibiotics or other antimicrobial medications.
People with significant liver, gallbladder, or bone obstructions may need to undergo surgery or laser-therapy sessions or take medications that break down the obstructions.
For chronic conditions that cause bone malformations or density issues, a person may need to have an X-ray. People with cancer may need to undergo a combination of surgery, chemotherapy , and radiotherapy. Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder that usually occurs due to a gallstone getting stuck in the opening. It can be acute or chronic…. A wide range of factors determines how the body responds to chronic heavy drinking.
A single binge-drinking episode can result in significant harm…. Cirrhosis is a liver condition that causes irreversible scarring on the liver. There are no symptoms in the early stages, but they develop as the…. Learn about the hepatitis C antibody test, which is used to detect when someone has had the hepatitis C virus. What do the results mean? Hepatitis C can damage the liver and lead to cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver.
Damage to the liver may mean that a person needs to modify their…. What do abnormal ALP levels mean? Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. What is an ALP test? What is a normal ALP level? Major risk factors that should be sought out in the history include details of alcohol use, medications including herbal compounds, prescribed medications, illicit medications and over-the-counter medications , personal habits, sexual activity, travel, parenteral exposure, recent surgery, recent travel history and family history of liver disease.
However, many of these patients are asymptomatic. The physical examination usually complements rather than replaces the need for additional diagnostic approaches during the evaluation of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.
Typical findings in liver disease are icterus, hepatomegaly, hepatic tenderness, splenomegaly, spider angiomata, palmar erythema, excoriations, muscle-wasting, ascites, edema, dilated abdominal veins, asterixis, confusion, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy. Skeletal examination may reveal bony tenderness or deformities.
Having a high index of suspicion for particular diseases helps guide the diagnostic work-up. Included are diagnostic methods related to common diseases presenting with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase:. Obstruction of the bile ducts:Dilatation may be initially visualized by ultrasound and confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, which may also be able to diagnose the etiology.
Primary biliary cirrhosis:The presence of anti-mitochondrial antibody in the context of elevated alkaline phosphatase with no overt abnormalities should prompt a liver biopsy demonstrating bile duct destruction and granulomatous cholangitis, which is diagnostic as well as important in staging the disease.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis:p-ANCA is positive in most patients, though endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrating multifocal beaded bile duct strictures is diagnostic. Medication induced: there are more than medications that have been reported to cause liver injury. Being aware of the side effects of medications both prescription and non-prescription is important.
Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury often requires the exclusion of viral, toxic, cardiovascular, inheritable, and malignant causes. Often in clinical practice, a trial without the suspected medication followed by rechecking the serum alkaline phosphatase is performed.
Primary malignancy and metastases to the liver:These lesions are usually demonstrated on ultrasound, occasionally they require biopsy for a tissue diagnosis. Sarcoidosis:Lesions may be seen on ultrasound, often necessitating a liver biopsy, which demonstrates the characteristic noncaseating granulomas, in order to distinguish from malignancy.
Exclusion of drugs and other causes of granulomatous disease should occur as well. Fatty liver:Various radiographic methods can detect the presence of fat within the liver, commonly seen on right upper quadrant ultrasound. Fatty liver can be associated with obesity, diabetes, alcohol ingestion, chemotherapy. Amyloidosis:Hepatomegaly can be demonstrated on radiographic studies that may show inhomogeneous liver involvement.
Liver biopsy demonstrating birefringence with Congo red stain establishes the diagnosis; however, it does not establish the type of amyloidosis.
As such, fat, skin, or rectal biopsies are preferred if possible. Rarely will the physician encounter emergent conditions with an isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase that needs to be treated prior to the appropriate diagnostic work-up. In emergent conditions associated with elevated alkaline phosphatase i. McGraw Hill. Kaplan, MM. The New England Journal of Medicine.. Sarac, F, Saygili, F. Biotechnology and Biotechnology Equipment. All rights reserved.
No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. Show More. Increased alkaline phosphatase levels are also correlated with hyperthyroidism [ 12 ].
The high enzyme levels also associated with increased bone turnover and Vitamin D deficiency [ 13 ]. Cissus quadrangularis , a type of plant from the grape family, significantly increases alkaline phosphatase activity in cell culture. It also increases bone mineralization, which is likely due to the increased enzyme function [ 14 ].
Estrogen is also able to regulate the growth and expression of this enzyme in human bone marrow cell culture [ 16 ]. High liver alkaline phosphatase levels are associated with bile duct obstruction and liver cancer. The presence of liver alkaline phosphatase in patients may indicate the presence of a tumor in the bile duct [ 17 ]. Alkaline phosphatase levels are frequently high in patients with metastatic colon cancer.
Increasing alkaline phosphatase levels are correlated with an increased cancer stage and may indicate that cancer has spread to the liver [ 18 ]. Women with breast cancer had elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase compared to normal healthy women. The increase of enzyme activities also indicates that the cancer is metastatic and spread to either the bone or liver [ 19 , 20 ]. Leukemia patients, especially untreated ones, have high alkaline phosphatase levels. The placenta alkaline phosphatase level is a useful biomarker to help diagnose and treat leukemia [ 21 ].
The higher the alkaline phosphatase activity, the lower the brain function [ 22 ]. Abnormally high levels of bone alkaline phosphatase can be an indicator of bone turnover, so while the enzyme does not cause the disease, it can be a helpful indicator [ 23 ]. Vitamin D deficiency is usually accompanied by elevated levels of total alkaline phosphatase in the blood. However, it is not the best indicator of vitamin D deficiency [ 24 ]. In a prospective study of more than 3, elderly men, the higher alkaline phosphatase levels predict higher risks of heart attacks, strokes, and increase mortality [ 25 ].
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the gut lining upon gluten consumption. In cases of uncontrolled celiac disease where the patients continue to consume gluten, other liver and biliary tract disorders can occur. Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels are associated with these two disorders [ 26 ]. Sickle cell anemia is associated with high levels of alkaline phosphatase.
The higher alkaline phosphatase levels correlate with worsened bone and other tissue damage in sickle cell anemia patients [ 27 , 28 ]. In patients with sickle cell disease, higher levels of alkaline phosphatase are associated with vaso-occlusive crises involving the bones [ 28 ].
Epileptic children have higher alkaline phosphatase levels compared to children without the disorder [ 29 ]. Different genes encode human alkaline phosphatases, i. Go to SelfDecode to learn how your genes can influence your alkaline phosphatase levels. SelfDecode is a sister company of SelfHacked.
The proceeds from your purchase of this product are reinvested into our research and development, in order to serve you better. Thanks for your support! If your phosphatase alkaline levels are too high, discuss with your doctor what underlying health conditions are causing them and what strategies may help you lower them. Never implement them in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes. If your alkaline phosphatase levels are high because you have liver damage, you may look into natural ways to support the health of your liver.
Your liver has the capacity to regenerate. Talk to your doctor about how to improve your liver health and read our 6-step protocol for liver regeneration. In a nutshell, you should take targeted liver-protective herbs and nutrients while adapting your diet and reducing alcohol intake.
Vegetables like broccoli [ 30 ], onions [ 31 ], dandelion greens, cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts [ 32 ] also have a cleansing effect on the liver. Here is a list of all foods and supplements that are good for your liver.
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