Common side effects of SNRIs include nausea, drowsiness, fatigue, constipation , and dry mouth. Some SNRIs, like Cymbalta, can also be used to treat chronic pain, a condition closely linked to the development of depression.
They have also proven useful in treating generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD , social anxiety disorder SAD , panic disorder, and nerve pain associated with fibromyalgia. Tricyclic antidepressants TCAs are an older class of drug first discovered in the s. They were named after their chemical structure, which is composed of three interconnected rings of atoms. TCAs work similarly to reuptake inhibitors in that they block the absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine into nerve cells, as well as another neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine which helps regulate the movement of skeletal muscles.
Examples of TCAs include:. Ludiomil maprotiline belongs to the same class of the drug but is more appropriately described as a tetracyclic antidepressant TeCA due to its fourth atomic ring.
Common symptoms include constipation, dry mouth, blurry vision, drowsiness, dizziness, and weight gain. In some cases, irregular heartbeats, low blood pressure, and seizures can also occur. In addition to their use in depression, tricyclic antidepressants can help treat chronic pain.
One of the first classes of antidepressants developed were monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs. This antidepressant class, first discovered in the s, inhibits the action of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase, whose role it is to break down monoamines.
Examples of MAOIs include:. MAOIs are less commonly used due to potentially severe reactions with foods high in tyramine. To avoid this, MAOI treatment usually involves dietary restrictions. Other side effects include nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, restlessness, and insomnia. Despite the risks, MAOIs have proven useful in treating agoraphobia, social phobia, bulimia, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and bipolar depression. Even so, its use is usually reserved for when other antidepressant options have failed.
There are also other fairly new antidepressants that do not fit into any of the above-listed categories. Broadly described as atypical antidepressants, they affect serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in unique ways.
Side effects can vary by drug type but may include dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, blurry vision, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction. There are several factors that go into choosing the right antidepressant.
Chief among them is tolerability. Because many antidepressants are equally effective in treating depression, a greater emphasis is placed on prescribing the drugs with the fewest short- and long-term side effects. This is especially true with nausea and weight gain , both of which can affect a person's quality of life and lead to the premature discontinuation of treatment.
Antidepressants should never be used on their own to treat major depression but rather in conjunction with psychotherapy , self-help strategies , social support, and the treatment of co-existing conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.
Antidepressants are sometimes used in combination with other drugs to treat a variety of conditions. In some cases, the combined use of drugs that both exert serotonergic action can lead to serotonin syndrome. This is the toxic accumulation of serotonin that can trigger a cascade of potentially dangerous physical and psychiatric symptoms. To avoid this, always advise your doctor about any and all drugs you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medication, nutritional supplements, or herbal remedies.
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Antidepressants can help balance chemicals in our brains. This can lead to improved moods, concentration, and sleep. It may take a few weeks often four to six for these medications to fully work. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs are the most prescribed type of antidepressant and include:. Common ones include venlafaxine and duloxetine. It also treats seasonal affective disorder and helps people stop smoking.
Older antidepressant medications include tricyclics, tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs. Bupropion may be recommended for people who have certain health issues. The most common is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD. Other issues are nicotine or cocaine dependence. You should not take this kind of medicine if you have a seizure disorder or bulimia.
Side effects include agitation, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. Bupropion typically has fewer sexual side effects. Tricyclic antidepressants affect three brain chemicals. They are serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
This is one of the oldest types of antidepressants. The drugs are effective, but are used less often because of increased side effects. They are not used for older patients, people who have glaucoma, or men who have enlarged prostates. MAOIs affect an enzyme in your brain called monamine. They also can have harmful reactions when combined with certain foods or medicines other antidepressants and cold and flu medicines. Talk to your doctor about the different types of antidepressants. Be sure they know what other medicines, vitamins, or supplements you take.
You may want to stop taking the medicine s once you feel better. However, this can cause your depression to come back. Do not stop taking antidepressants without talking to your doctor.
You often need to decrease the dose over time. You cannot get addicted to antidepressants. You may have worse symptoms or withdrawal if you stop taking them at once.
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