Previously, programmers used to write programs in the native machine code of the processor, but the whole process was time-consuming and expensive, and the machine code is of no use to a human reader. To overcome these problems, assembler language was invented.
In this, data can be represented using decimal numbers instead of binary. But a program is required to convert an assembler language program into machine code.
This program is called an assembler. Assemblers made programs human readable and programming less error-prone, but could not overcome the portability problem. The shortcomings in the assembler programs led to the development of high-level programming languages which made programming more productive, but again, they could not be executed on a computer.
A compiler is then used for this purpose. And to make the same compiled program run on any computer, the program is compiled to something called bytecode. Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by a program, usually referred to as a virtual machine. It is an intermediate code compiled into a low-level code from the source code for efficient execution by a software interpreter.
It is essential to recognize that Bytecode is not machine code used by the hardware processor. A just-in-time compiler can be used as a means to speed up execution of bytecode.
The JVM is a program that provides the runtime environment necessary for the execution of Java programs. The programs cannot run unless there is a JVM available for the appropriate hardware and OS platform you will execute on.
The JVM is an interpreter for bytecode. Bytecode is created after compiling the source code. It is an intermediate code. The bytecode is executable by a virtual machine. Moreover, the virtual machine converts the bytecode into machine code. Java programs mainly use bytecodes. When compiling a Java source code, the Java compiler converts that source code into a bytecode. The JVM converts the bytecode into machine code. Any computer with a JVM can execute that bytecode.
Machine code is a computer programming language consisting of binary instructions which a computer can respond to directly. In contrast, bytecode is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software such as a virtual machine.
Byte code is referred to as a Portable code. Attention reader! Get hold of all the important Java Foundation and Collections concepts with the Fundamentals of Java and Java Collections Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready.
It is regarded as the most lowest-level representation of the source code. Machine code is obtained after compilation or interpretation. It is also called machine language. JVM is actually used to convert the bytecode into machine code. We have discussed both machine code and byte code separately and we hope that the concept is clear in your mind.
The relation between Machine Code and Bytecode is that a virtual machine converts any bytecode into machine code. In this segment we understand the difference between Bytecode and machine code under seven broad headings. Machine code is basically a computer programming language of binary instructions to which a computer can directly respond. On the other hand, bytecode is an instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software, commonly this software is a virtual machine.
The basic concept of machine code and byte code is actually the first fundamental difference between both these terms. When we talk about machine code, it can be directly executed by a processor or the CPU. On the other hand, the bytecode is created after compiling the source code which is executed by a virtual machine. Execution is very important to the functioning of computers or even software programs and hence, the basis of their execution is also a vital difference between machine code and byte code.
This point, along with others that we will discuss or have already discussed, is important in order to understand the role and function of both machine code and byte code. A major difference between machine code and bytecode is their type. Machine code is a low-level code while bytecode is an intermediate code. It means that machine code can be directly understood by computers while byte code is produced as intermediate code produced after the source code is compiled.
One major difference between machine code and byte code is its contents. On the other hand, Machine code has binary instructions that are directly understood by the CPU. We discussed the basis of execution earlier; in this point we would understand how each of the code functions inside the computers.
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